OpenCV  3.2.0-dev
Open Source Computer Vision
Drawing Functions

Drawing functions work with matrices/images of arbitrary depth. More...

Collaboration diagram for Drawing Functions:

Classes

class  cv::LineIterator
 Line iterator. More...
 

Enumerations

enum  cv::MarkerTypes {
  cv::MARKER_CROSS = 0,
  cv::MARKER_TILTED_CROSS = 1,
  cv::MARKER_STAR = 2,
  cv::MARKER_DIAMOND = 3,
  cv::MARKER_SQUARE = 4,
  cv::MARKER_TRIANGLE_UP = 5,
  cv::MARKER_TRIANGLE_DOWN = 6
}
 Possible set of marker types used for the cv::drawMarker function. More...
 

Functions

void cv::arrowedLine (InputOutputArray img, Point pt1, Point pt2, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int line_type=8, int shift=0, double tipLength=0.1)
 Draws a arrow segment pointing from the first point to the second one. More...
 
void cv::circle (InputOutputArray img, Point center, int radius, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Draws a circle. More...
 
bool cv::clipLine (Size imgSize, Point &pt1, Point &pt2)
 Clips the line against the image rectangle. More...
 
bool cv::clipLine (Size2l imgSize, Point2l &pt1, Point2l &pt2)
 This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. More...
 
bool cv::clipLine (Rect imgRect, Point &pt1, Point &pt2)
 This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. More...
 
void cv::drawContours (InputOutputArray image, InputArrayOfArrays contours, int contourIdx, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, InputArray hierarchy=noArray(), int maxLevel=INT_MAX, Point offset=Point())
 Draws contours outlines or filled contours. More...
 
void cv::drawMarker (Mat &img, Point position, const Scalar &color, int markerType=MARKER_CROSS, int markerSize=20, int thickness=1, int line_type=8)
 Draws a marker on a predefined position in an image. More...
 
void cv::ellipse (InputOutputArray img, Point center, Size axes, double angle, double startAngle, double endAngle, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Draws a simple or thick elliptic arc or fills an ellipse sector. More...
 
void cv::ellipse (InputOutputArray img, const RotatedRect &box, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8)
 This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. More...
 
void cv::ellipse2Poly (Point center, Size axes, int angle, int arcStart, int arcEnd, int delta, std::vector< Point > &pts)
 Approximates an elliptic arc with a polyline. More...
 
void cv::ellipse2Poly (Point2d center, Size2d axes, int angle, int arcStart, int arcEnd, int delta, std::vector< Point2d > &pts)
 This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. More...
 
void cv::fillConvexPoly (Mat &img, const Point *pts, int npts, const Scalar &color, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 
void cv::fillConvexPoly (InputOutputArray img, InputArray points, const Scalar &color, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Fills a convex polygon. More...
 
void cv::fillPoly (Mat &img, const Point **pts, const int *npts, int ncontours, const Scalar &color, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0, Point offset=Point())
 
void cv::fillPoly (InputOutputArray img, InputArrayOfArrays pts, const Scalar &color, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0, Point offset=Point())
 Fills the area bounded by one or more polygons. More...
 
Size cv::getTextSize (const String &text, int fontFace, double fontScale, int thickness, int *baseLine)
 Calculates the width and height of a text string. More...
 
void cv::line (InputOutputArray img, Point pt1, Point pt2, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Draws a line segment connecting two points. More...
 
void cv::polylines (Mat &img, const Point *const *pts, const int *npts, int ncontours, bool isClosed, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 
void cv::polylines (InputOutputArray img, InputArrayOfArrays pts, bool isClosed, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Draws several polygonal curves. More...
 
void cv::putText (InputOutputArray img, const String &text, Point org, int fontFace, double fontScale, Scalar color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, bool bottomLeftOrigin=false)
 Draws a text string. More...
 
void cv::rectangle (InputOutputArray img, Point pt1, Point pt2, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 Draws a simple, thick, or filled up-right rectangle. More...
 
void cv::rectangle (Mat &img, Rect rec, const Scalar &color, int thickness=1, int lineType=LINE_8, int shift=0)
 This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.use rec parameter as alternative specification of the drawn rectangle: r.tl() and r.br()-Point(1,1) are opposite corners. More...
 

Detailed Description

Drawing functions work with matrices/images of arbitrary depth.

The boundaries of the shapes can be rendered with antialiasing (implemented only for 8-bit images for now). All the functions include the parameter color that uses an RGB value (that may be constructed with the Scalar constructor ) for color images and brightness for grayscale images. For color images, the channel ordering is normally Blue, Green, Red. This is what imshow, imread, and imwrite expect. So, if you form a color using the Scalar constructor, it should look like:

\[\texttt{Scalar} (blue \_ component, green \_ component, red \_ component[, alpha \_ component])\]

If you are using your own image rendering and I/O functions, you can use any channel ordering. The drawing functions process each channel independently and do not depend on the channel order or even on the used color space. The whole image can be converted from BGR to RGB or to a different color space using cvtColor .

If a drawn figure is partially or completely outside the image, the drawing functions clip it. Also, many drawing functions can handle pixel coordinates specified with sub-pixel accuracy. This means that the coordinates can be passed as fixed-point numbers encoded as integers. The number of fractional bits is specified by the shift parameter and the real point coordinates are calculated as \(\texttt{Point}(x,y)\rightarrow\texttt{Point2f}(x*2^{-shift},y*2^{-shift})\) . This feature is especially effective when rendering antialiased shapes.

Note
The functions do not support alpha-transparency when the target image is 4-channel. In this case, the color[3] is simply copied to the repainted pixels. Thus, if you want to paint semi-transparent shapes, you can paint them in a separate buffer and then blend it with the main image.

Enumeration Type Documentation

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Possible set of marker types used for the cv::drawMarker function.

Enumerator
MARKER_CROSS 

A crosshair marker shape.

MARKER_TILTED_CROSS 

A 45 degree tilted crosshair marker shape.

MARKER_STAR 

A star marker shape, combination of cross and tilted cross.

MARKER_DIAMOND 

A diamond marker shape.

MARKER_SQUARE 

A square marker shape.

MARKER_TRIANGLE_UP 

An upwards pointing triangle marker shape.

MARKER_TRIANGLE_DOWN 

A downwards pointing triangle marker shape.

Function Documentation

void cv::arrowedLine ( InputOutputArray  img,
Point  pt1,
Point  pt2,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  line_type = 8,
int  shift = 0,
double  tipLength = 0.1 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a arrow segment pointing from the first point to the second one.

The function arrowedLine draws an arrow between pt1 and pt2 points in the image. See also cv::line.

Parameters
imgImage.
pt1The point the arrow starts from.
pt2The point the arrow points to.
colorLine color.
thicknessLine thickness.
line_typeType of the line, see cv::LineTypes
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the point coordinates.
tipLengthThe length of the arrow tip in relation to the arrow length
void cv::circle ( InputOutputArray  img,
Point  center,
int  radius,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a circle.

The function circle draws a simple or filled circle with a given center and radius.

Parameters
imgImage where the circle is drawn.
centerCenter of the circle.
radiusRadius of the circle.
colorCircle color.
thicknessThickness of the circle outline, if positive. Negative thickness means that a filled circle is to be drawn.
lineTypeType of the circle boundary. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the coordinates of the center and in the radius value.
Examples:
convexhull.cpp, grabcut.cpp, houghcircles.cpp, kmeans.cpp, and minarea.cpp.
bool cv::clipLine ( Size  imgSize,
Point pt1,
Point pt2 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Clips the line against the image rectangle.

The function cv::clipLine calculates a part of the line segment that is entirely within the specified rectangle. it returns false if the line segment is completely outside the rectangle. Otherwise, it returns true .

Parameters
imgSizeImage size. The image rectangle is Rect(0, 0, imgSize.width, imgSize.height) .
pt1First line point.
pt2Second line point.
bool cv::clipLine ( Size2l  imgSize,
Point2l pt1,
Point2l pt2 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

Parameters
imgSizeImage size. The image rectangle is Rect(0, 0, imgSize.width, imgSize.height) .
pt1First line point.
pt2Second line point.
bool cv::clipLine ( Rect  imgRect,
Point pt1,
Point pt2 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

Parameters
imgRectImage rectangle.
pt1First line point.
pt2Second line point.
void cv::drawContours ( InputOutputArray  image,
InputArrayOfArrays  contours,
int  contourIdx,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
InputArray  hierarchy = noArray(),
int  maxLevel = INT_MAX,
Point  offset = Point() 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws contours outlines or filled contours.

The function draws contour outlines in the image if \(\texttt{thickness} \ge 0\) or fills the area bounded by the contours if \(\texttt{thickness}<0\) . The example below shows how to retrieve connected components from the binary image and label them: :

#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
Mat src;
// the first command-line parameter must be a filename of the binary
// (black-n-white) image
if( argc != 2 || !(src=imread(argv[1], 0)).data)
return -1;
Mat dst = Mat::zeros(src.rows, src.cols, CV_8UC3);
src = src > 1;
namedWindow( "Source", 1 );
imshow( "Source", src );
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
findContours( src, contours, hierarchy,
// iterate through all the top-level contours,
// draw each connected component with its own random color
int idx = 0;
for( ; idx >= 0; idx = hierarchy[idx][0] )
{
Scalar color( rand()&255, rand()&255, rand()&255 );
drawContours( dst, contours, idx, color, FILLED, 8, hierarchy );
}
namedWindow( "Components", 1 );
imshow( "Components", dst );
waitKey(0);
}
Parameters
imageDestination image.
contoursAll the input contours. Each contour is stored as a point vector.
contourIdxParameter indicating a contour to draw. If it is negative, all the contours are drawn.
colorColor of the contours.
thicknessThickness of lines the contours are drawn with. If it is negative (for example, thickness=CV_FILLED ), the contour interiors are drawn.
lineTypeLine connectivity. See cv::LineTypes.
hierarchyOptional information about hierarchy. It is only needed if you want to draw only some of the contours (see maxLevel ).
maxLevelMaximal level for drawn contours. If it is 0, only the specified contour is drawn. If it is 1, the function draws the contour(s) and all the nested contours. If it is 2, the function draws the contours, all the nested contours, all the nested-to-nested contours, and so on. This parameter is only taken into account when there is hierarchy available.
offsetOptional contour shift parameter. Shift all the drawn contours by the specified \(\texttt{offset}=(dx,dy)\) .
Examples:
contours2.cpp, fitellipse.cpp, segment_objects.cpp, and watershed.cpp.
void cv::drawMarker ( Mat img,
Point  position,
const Scalar color,
int  markerType = MARKER_CROSS,
int  markerSize = 20,
int  thickness = 1,
int  line_type = 8 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a marker on a predefined position in an image.

The function drawMarker draws a marker on a given position in the image. For the moment several marker types are supported, see cv::MarkerTypes for more information.

Parameters
imgImage.
positionThe point where the crosshair is positioned.
colorLine color.
markerTypeThe specific type of marker you want to use, see cv::MarkerTypes
thicknessLine thickness.
line_typeType of the line, see cv::LineTypes
markerSizeThe length of the marker axis [default = 20 pixels]
void cv::ellipse ( InputOutputArray  img,
Point  center,
Size  axes,
double  angle,
double  startAngle,
double  endAngle,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a simple or thick elliptic arc or fills an ellipse sector.

The function cv::ellipse with less parameters draws an ellipse outline, a filled ellipse, an elliptic arc, or a filled ellipse sector. A piecewise-linear curve is used to approximate the elliptic arc boundary. If you need more control of the ellipse rendering, you can retrieve the curve using ellipse2Poly and then render it with polylines or fill it with fillPoly . If you use the first variant of the function and want to draw the whole ellipse, not an arc, pass startAngle=0 and endAngle=360 . The figure below explains the meaning of the parameters.

ellipse.png
Parameters of Elliptic Arc
Parameters
imgImage.
centerCenter of the ellipse.
axesHalf of the size of the ellipse main axes.
angleEllipse rotation angle in degrees.
startAngleStarting angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
endAngleEnding angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
colorEllipse color.
thicknessThickness of the ellipse arc outline, if positive. Otherwise, this indicates that a filled ellipse sector is to be drawn.
lineTypeType of the ellipse boundary. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the coordinates of the center and values of axes.
Examples:
contours2.cpp, and fitellipse.cpp.
void cv::ellipse ( InputOutputArray  img,
const RotatedRect box,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

Parameters
imgImage.
boxAlternative ellipse representation via RotatedRect. This means that the function draws an ellipse inscribed in the rotated rectangle.
colorEllipse color.
thicknessThickness of the ellipse arc outline, if positive. Otherwise, this indicates that a filled ellipse sector is to be drawn.
lineTypeType of the ellipse boundary. See the line description.
void cv::ellipse2Poly ( Point  center,
Size  axes,
int  angle,
int  arcStart,
int  arcEnd,
int  delta,
std::vector< Point > &  pts 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Approximates an elliptic arc with a polyline.

The function ellipse2Poly computes the vertices of a polyline that approximates the specified elliptic arc. It is used by cv::ellipse.

Parameters
centerCenter of the arc.
axesHalf of the size of the ellipse main axes. See the ellipse for details.
angleRotation angle of the ellipse in degrees. See the ellipse for details.
arcStartStarting angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
arcEndEnding angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
deltaAngle between the subsequent polyline vertices. It defines the approximation accuracy.
ptsOutput vector of polyline vertices.
void cv::ellipse2Poly ( Point2d  center,
Size2d  axes,
int  angle,
int  arcStart,
int  arcEnd,
int  delta,
std::vector< Point2d > &  pts 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

Parameters
centerCenter of the arc.
axesHalf of the size of the ellipse main axes. See the ellipse for details.
angleRotation angle of the ellipse in degrees. See the ellipse for details.
arcStartStarting angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
arcEndEnding angle of the elliptic arc in degrees.
deltaAngle between the subsequent polyline vertices. It defines the approximation accuracy.
ptsOutput vector of polyline vertices.
void cv::fillConvexPoly ( Mat img,
const Point pts,
int  npts,
const Scalar color,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

void cv::fillConvexPoly ( InputOutputArray  img,
InputArray  points,
const Scalar color,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Fills a convex polygon.

The function fillConvexPoly draws a filled convex polygon. This function is much faster than the function cv::fillPoly . It can fill not only convex polygons but any monotonic polygon without self-intersections, that is, a polygon whose contour intersects every horizontal line (scan line) twice at the most (though, its top-most and/or the bottom edge could be horizontal).

Parameters
imgImage.
pointsPolygon vertices.
colorPolygon color.
lineTypeType of the polygon boundaries. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the vertex coordinates.
void cv::fillPoly ( Mat img,
const Point **  pts,
const int *  npts,
int  ncontours,
const Scalar color,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0,
Point  offset = Point() 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

void cv::fillPoly ( InputOutputArray  img,
InputArrayOfArrays  pts,
const Scalar color,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0,
Point  offset = Point() 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Fills the area bounded by one or more polygons.

The function fillPoly fills an area bounded by several polygonal contours. The function can fill complex areas, for example, areas with holes, contours with self-intersections (some of their parts), and so forth.

Parameters
imgImage.
ptsArray of polygons where each polygon is represented as an array of points.
colorPolygon color.
lineTypeType of the polygon boundaries. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the vertex coordinates.
offsetOptional offset of all points of the contours.
Size cv::getTextSize ( const String text,
int  fontFace,
double  fontScale,
int  thickness,
int *  baseLine 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Calculates the width and height of a text string.

The function getTextSize calculates and returns the size of a box that contains the specified text. That is, the following code renders some text, the tight box surrounding it, and the baseline: :

String text = "Funny text inside the box";
double fontScale = 2;
int thickness = 3;
Mat img(600, 800, CV_8UC3, Scalar::all(0));
int baseline=0;
Size textSize = getTextSize(text, fontFace,
fontScale, thickness, &baseline);
baseline += thickness;
// center the text
Point textOrg((img.cols - textSize.width)/2,
(img.rows + textSize.height)/2);
// draw the box
rectangle(img, textOrg + Point(0, baseline),
textOrg + Point(textSize.width, -textSize.height),
Scalar(0,0,255));
// ... and the baseline first
line(img, textOrg + Point(0, thickness),
textOrg + Point(textSize.width, thickness),
Scalar(0, 0, 255));
// then put the text itself
putText(img, text, textOrg, fontFace, fontScale,
Scalar::all(255), thickness, 8);
Parameters
textInput text string.
fontFaceFont to use, see cv::HersheyFonts.
fontScaleFont scale factor that is multiplied by the font-specific base size.
thicknessThickness of lines used to render the text. See putText for details.
[out]baseLiney-coordinate of the baseline relative to the bottom-most text point.
Returns
The size of a box that contains the specified text.
See also
cv::putText
void cv::line ( InputOutputArray  img,
Point  pt1,
Point  pt2,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a line segment connecting two points.

The function line draws the line segment between pt1 and pt2 points in the image. The line is clipped by the image boundaries. For non-antialiased lines with integer coordinates, the 8-connected or 4-connected Bresenham algorithm is used. Thick lines are drawn with rounding endings. Antialiased lines are drawn using Gaussian filtering.

Parameters
imgImage.
pt1First point of the line segment.
pt2Second point of the line segment.
colorLine color.
thicknessLine thickness.
lineTypeType of the line, see cv::LineTypes.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the point coordinates.
Examples:
contours2.cpp, convexhull.cpp, fitellipse.cpp, houghlines.cpp, minarea.cpp, pca.cpp, and watershed.cpp.

Referenced by cv::normInf().

Here is the caller graph for this function:

void cv::polylines ( Mat img,
const Point *const *  pts,
const int *  npts,
int  ncontours,
bool  isClosed,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.

void cv::polylines ( InputOutputArray  img,
InputArrayOfArrays  pts,
bool  isClosed,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws several polygonal curves.

Parameters
imgImage.
ptsArray of polygonal curves.
isClosedFlag indicating whether the drawn polylines are closed or not. If they are closed, the function draws a line from the last vertex of each curve to its first vertex.
colorPolyline color.
thicknessThickness of the polyline edges.
lineTypeType of the line segments. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the vertex coordinates.

The function polylines draws one or more polygonal curves.

void cv::putText ( InputOutputArray  img,
const String text,
Point  org,
int  fontFace,
double  fontScale,
Scalar  color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
bool  bottomLeftOrigin = false 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a text string.

The function putText renders the specified text string in the image. Symbols that cannot be rendered using the specified font are replaced by question marks. See getTextSize for a text rendering code example.

Parameters
imgImage.
textText string to be drawn.
orgBottom-left corner of the text string in the image.
fontFaceFont type, see cv::HersheyFonts.
fontScaleFont scale factor that is multiplied by the font-specific base size.
colorText color.
thicknessThickness of the lines used to draw a text.
lineTypeLine type. See the line for details.
bottomLeftOriginWhen true, the image data origin is at the bottom-left corner. Otherwise, it is at the top-left corner.
void cv::rectangle ( InputOutputArray  img,
Point  pt1,
Point  pt2,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

Draws a simple, thick, or filled up-right rectangle.

The function rectangle draws a rectangle outline or a filled rectangle whose two opposite corners are pt1 and pt2.

Parameters
imgImage.
pt1Vertex of the rectangle.
pt2Vertex of the rectangle opposite to pt1 .
colorRectangle color or brightness (grayscale image).
thicknessThickness of lines that make up the rectangle. Negative values, like CV_FILLED , mean that the function has to draw a filled rectangle.
lineTypeType of the line. See the line description.
shiftNumber of fractional bits in the point coordinates.
Examples:
demhist.cpp, and grabcut.cpp.
void cv::rectangle ( Mat img,
Rect  rec,
const Scalar color,
int  thickness = 1,
int  lineType = LINE_8,
int  shift = 0 
)

#include <imgproc/include/opencv2/imgproc.hpp>

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts.use rec parameter as alternative specification of the drawn rectangle: r.tl() and r.br()-Point(1,1) are opposite corners.